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webmail

Vendor: cobalt

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Actively Exploited 11 CISA KEV List
PoC / Exploits 23 Code Available
Total RCEs 8 Remote Access
Total CVEs 2 Total Indexed
Avg. EPSS 10.37% Exploit Prob.
Latest CVE CVE-2026-35391 Apr 06

Security Vulnerability Index

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8.7 CVSS
CVE-2026-35391

Bulwark Webmail is a self-hosted webmail client for Stalwart Mail Server. Prior to 1.4.11, the getClientIP() function in lib/admin/session.ts trusted the first (leftmost) entry of the X-Forwarded-For header, which is fully controlled by the client. An attacker could forge their source IP address to bypass IP-based rate limiting (enabling brute-force attacks against the admin login) or forge audit log entries (making malicious activity appear to originate from arbitrary IP addresses). This vulnerability is fixed in 1.4.11.

EPSS: 0.14%
5.3 CVSS
CVE-2026-35390

Bulwark Webmail is a self-hosted webmail client for Stalwart Mail Server. Prior to 1.4.11, the reverse proxy (proxy.ts) set the Content-Security-Policy-Report-Only header instead of the enforcing Content-Security-Policy header. This means cross-site scripting (XSS) attacks were logged but not blocked. Any user who could inject script content (e.g., via crafted email HTML) could execute arbitrary JavaScript in the context of the application, potentially stealing session tokens or performing actions on behalf of the user. This vulnerability is fixed in 1.4.11.

EPSS: 0.17%
8.7 CVSS
CVE-2026-35389

Bulwark Webmail is a self-hosted webmail client for Stalwart Mail Server. Prior to 1.4.11, S/MIME signature verification did not validate the certificate trust chain (checkChain: false). Any email signed with a self-signed or untrusted certificate was displayed as having a valid signature. This vulnerability is fixed in 1.4.11.

EPSS: 0.18%
5.3 CVSS
CVE-2026-35545

An issue was discovered in Roundcube Webmail before 1.5.15 and 1.6.15. The remote image blocking feature can be bypassed via SVG content in an e-mail message. This may lead to information disclosure or access-control bypass. This involves the animate element with attributeName=fill/filter/stroke.

EPSS: 0.33%
5.3 CVSS
CVE-2026-35544

An issue was discovered in Roundcube Webmail before 1.5.14 and 1.6.14. Insufficient Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) sanitization in HTML e-mail messages may lead to a fixed-position mitigation bypass via the use of !important.

EPSS: 0.37%
5.3 CVSS
CVE-2026-35543

An issue was discovered in Roundcube Webmail before 1.5.14 and 1.6.14. The remote image blocking feature can be bypassed via SVG content (with animate attributes) in an e-mail message. This may lead to information disclosure or access-control bypass.

EPSS: 0.40%
5.3 CVSS
CVE-2026-35542

An issue was discovered in Roundcube Webmail before 1.5.14 and 1.6.14. The remote image blocking feature can be bypassed via a crafted background attribute of a BODY element in an e-mail message. This may lead to information disclosure or access-control bypass.

EPSS: 0.40%
4.2 CVSS
CVE-2026-35541

An issue was discovered in Roundcube Webmail before 1.5.14 and 1.6.14. Incorrect password comparison in the password plugin could lead to type confusion that allows a password change without knowing the old password.

EPSS: 0.24%
5.4 CVSS
CVE-2026-35540

An issue was discovered in Roundcube Webmail 1.6.0 before 1.6.14. Insufficient Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) sanitization in HTML e-mail messages may lead to SSRF or Information Disclosure, e.g., if stylesheet links point to local network hosts.

EPSS: 0.31%
6.1 CVSS
CVE-2026-35539

An issue was discovered in Roundcube Webmail before 1.5.14 and 1.6.14. XSS exists because of insufficient HTML attachment sanitization in preview mode. A victim must preview a text/html attachment.

EPSS: 0.25%